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Past AGS board member and former ADGAP president Marie Bernard, MD, PhD, AGSF, may not see patients these days, but she will always be a geriatrician at heart. The deputy director of the National Institute on Aging has worn numerous hats at the National Institutes of Health (NIH): she is currently Chief Officer for Scientific Workforce Diversity, and co-chair of the NIH UNITE initiative. In these roles, she leads the NIH’s effort to promote diversity, equity, and inclusivity (DEI) in biomedical research across the country. Practicing geriatrics and taking action on DEI are both complex, nuanced endeavors; luckily Dr. Bernard has always gravitated towards a challenge. AGS News sat down with her recently to discuss her impressive career and her vision for the future of aging research and DEI initiatives.

Q: What drew you to geriatrics as a career?

A: So, I kind of backed into it. I started off as a faculty member in a general internal medicine section, where I had done my house staff training, and discovered that I really was not particularly inspired by the urinary tract infections and the upper respiratory infections that younger patients presented with. The patients who I found most interesting were my older patients, who had interesting life histories and multiple conditions to manage, so those are the patients I gravitated to. And then, when I was given the opportunity to get some additional training in geriatrics, I came to recognize there‘s a whole world that I hadn‘t been exposed to during residency training—that it went all the way from basic science to population science. And even though I thought I knew about older adults, because I had been trained in internal medicine and I was a chief resident in internal medicine, there‘s just so much more to it. So, it was those early exposures that made me really excited about the field, and it's been my lifelong pursuit since then.

Q: You've been very engaged with the AGS and you have had multiple leadership roles. What advice do you have for other people who are considering getting engaged in their national professional organizations, and how has that engagement impacted your career?

A: I could say it‘s very important, because the opportunity to get involved with national organizations helps you to understand the whole landscape of what‘s going on in your field. Every academic institution and every hospital has its own ethos, and getting a chance to talk to people in different parts of the country and in different systems, you find out that what you thought was a truth is relative. So, it‘s important to get this chance to see that and to just network with other people who may be facing similar career challenges to you and knowing that you‘re not alone. National organizations are great opportunities to develop and hone your leadership skills, and to generate new ideas for things that you want to take back to your home institution. In fact, you can end up getting job opportunities as a result of being involved. Because of my involvement with AGS and other national organizations, I got a chance to do some leadership things, get known, and ultimately get invited to serve on the National Advisory Council for the National Institute on Aging and then become the deputy director.

Q: You led the development of the third department of geriatrics in the U.S. at the University of Oklahoma College of Medicine. Can you tell us about the challenges you encountered during that process and how you overcame them as the department's first chair?

A: It presented lots of challenges.

When we launched the department, it was me, a graduate of our geriatric medicine fellowship program, and one PhD educator. But we ultimately ended up with 50 full-time and adjunct faculty, and a required geriatric rotation for all 150 third-year medical students in Oklahoma City and Tulsa. It was a lot of building to get there. Of course, we were supported by the Donald W. Reynolds Foundation grant, but you had to get the grant. And then you had to get the faculty, and lots of people felt that you could not recruit into Tornado Alley. But we did it. Recruitment was the biggest challenge. I remember one time we were just about to seal the deal with a potential new faculty member, when an F5 tornado— the worst possible tornado— came through Oklahoma. After that, he and his wife said, “There's no way.”

We also had to convince the other faculty at University of Oklahoma of our validity. There was quite honestly a lot of jealousy over the funds that we'd gotten. I got comments like, “Well, I guess if we can get a big grant, we can have a department, too.” And there was a desire to control our funds, but fortunately we had significant support from the Dean and the Provost, and a mandate from the Reynolds Grant that we use the funds in a certain fashion.

The final barrier was the medical students themselves. A requirement of the Reynolds grant was the development of a required geriatrics rotation for all third-year medical students. As we were launching the rotation, the medical students went to the Dean complaining, "Dr. Bernard is going to make us give patients bed pans, and deal with bed sores and we just don't think this is right." We had to talk them through what a geriatrics rotation would really be about. And after the first couple of years, there was uniform agreement in the end-of-rotation evaluations that students found it a valuable rotation, enhancing their abilities as physicians. Unfortunately, very few were inspired to become geriatricians because they felt the field was too complex. But they acknowledged value to having the rotation.

Q: After your time at Oklahoma, you joined the NIA as the agency's Deputy Director. Can you talk about what prompted that decision and what you're proudest of achieving as deputy director?

A: I basically got tapped on the shoulder by a couple of colleagues who took me out to dinner and talked to me for a long period of time about how I should think about making the transition. Because I was quite happy in Oklahoma, I wasn‘t thinking about leaving. But the point that they made was that the position of Deputy Director at the National Institute on Aging provided an opportunity to have a broader impact. In Oklahoma, you had a local impact, maybe a regional impact since it was the tertiary care hospital for the region, but not much beyond that. And at the National Institute on Aging, you help to drive the research agenda for the nation. That was a good point that they made, and so I did go ahead and apply, fortunately got the position, and have had the opportunity to have a broad influence.

One of the things I'm most excited about is the Inclusion Across the Lifespan Policy that's now in place at the National Institutes of Health. Our group did the heavy lifting in terms of the NIH portfolio analysis that demonstrated that even for phase three clinical trials, the last step prior to general dissemination of study findings, in diseases that were common in older adults, you didn't have repre- sentation of older adults as you would expect. Thus, when we were mandated by Congress to look at age policy, that analysis informed NIH’s approach. We led the development of the congressionally mandated workshop, Inclusion Across the Lifespan, and contributed to the development of the new policy. And then when we heard concerns from the aging research community that non-aging research scientists do not know how to meaningfully include older adults, we led the development of Inclusion Across the Lifespan II, providing additional insights and tools for meaningful inclusion of older adults, children, and others across the lifespan. So, I’m excited to have had that opportunity.

Q: What recent developments in aging research do you think have the most potential to influence the day-to-day work of clinicians, in the more near future?

A: There are a couple of things that come to mind right way. First, developments in the field of geroscience. There is a lot of interesting animal research that suggests that you can modify the aging process by caloric restriction and by various drugs. This is now being applied to humans in proof- of-concept type studies. The theory is that if you can slow the aging process you can delay the development of chronic illnesses and have healthier lifespans – as appears to be the case in animal models. If the drugs prove fruitful, I am doubtful they will be restricted for use solely by geriatricians. However, I think there will be an important role for geriatricians to play in providing advice and consultation regarding the appropriate deployment of the drugs. And then, with the recent approval of aducanumab for Alzheimer's disease, and potentially more amyloid-focused drugs in the relatively near future, I think geriatricians are likely to be deluged with requests from patients to determine whether they are appropriate candidates for these drugs, if that has not already begun. I think that those are two developments that could have a big impact on clinical practice.

Q: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a disproportionate impact on older adults and communities of color, and the pandemic has highlighted health inequities impacting these populations. If you had to identify three main determinants of health in these populations, that would merit more attention from researchers and additional federal dollars, what would they be?

A: They are known issues: access to care, such as providers and hospitals, and access to reliable and trusted health information. The myths that are out there still in communities of color about the COVID virus itself and the vaccines are very concerning. I'm happy to say that NIH has been working hard to offset those challenges through CEAL, the Community Engagement Alliance. But we need to do more. We need to have permanent collaborations to facilitate access, rather than swooping in and swooping out. We hope to build on the CEAL initiative and other similar efforts to build those lasting collaborations. And I think we need to pay a lot more attention to comorbidities and how they can influence health status. That is going back to the issue of inclusion; so frequently, if people have multiple chronic illnesses, they get excluded from studies – and that translates into exclusion of many older adults and under-represented racial and ethnic minority populations. We need to get to the point that those people are not only allowed but encouraged to participate in studies, so that the data that we gather is truly applicable to all.

Getting To Know Dr. Bernard
Q: Name one thing on your bucket list.
A: I’d like to go on a cruise around the world if there’s not another COVID pandemic.

Q: What is one interesting thing about you that few people know?
A: Well, the people who worked with me in Oklahoma knew about it, because I had the broken boards in my office. But I'm a former Taekwondo practitioner, just short of my black belt. And I kept the boards there just to remind them, “Don’t mess with me.”

Q: What do you like to do to relax?
A: You must make time because you can’t work non-stop. I like to do crossword puzzles, watch schlocky television programs, and read schlocky novels. I am a member of a woman's book club focused on serious study of the history of this nation and the current political paradigm. However, for every serious book I read, I read a romance or light rom-com. And I like to explore the restaurant world. I'm loving living in Bethesda, Maryland. There are so many nice restaurants in the DC-Maryland-Virginia area.

Q: What's your favorite part of your usual weekend routine?
A: Sleeping in. During the week, I’m usually up at 5 a.m. During the weekend I get to sleep a little bit later, until 7 a.m.
 

Q: As NIH‘s chief officer for scientif- ic workforce diversity and co-chair of the Women of Color Committee of the Working Group on Women in Biomedical careers, what do you believe needs to change about biomedical research to make it a more diverse, inclusive, and equi- table enterprise for all?

A: I think that there need to be multiple interventions. There are things that need to be done at the individual level and there are things that need to be done on the institutional level. On the individual level, we need to recognize that the natural process that we have for handling informa- tion is to sort and categorize. It leads to biases in the way you perceive others - for instance, who would be a successful physician or scientist, or who would be a good member of your team to help in providing care or doing research. We call it implicit bias. So, interventions to mediate that are important, making people aware of it, providing training, making sure that you have clear and objective criteria that are well articulated, and that you do not rush decision making – as that tends to cause reversion to implicit bias in selections. At the institutional level, it's important to be transparent about data, to hold people account- able for being inclusive in searches and selections, to make sure there is broad outreach, that you evaluate the impact of things that you might be doing, and that diversity is linked to the values of the organization, with leadership making it clear its expecta- tions and support of diversity.

Q: Is there anything different about this moment in time that gives you hope that we will together achieve meaningful change as we work collectively on diversity, equity, and inclusion?

A: I think absolutely, with the COVID pandemic, where we've seen dis- proportionate deaths of people in under-represented groups, and with the videotaped murder of George Floyd, we are at a tipping point. It is like the Civil Rights era, when peaceful protestors were televised with fire hoses and dogs turned on them. People then, and I think now, are saying, "This is not who we are." Every place you turn people are trying to make changes to improve things, and I think that is wonderful. President Biden has issued numerous executive orders focusing on diversity, equity, and inclusion. The wind is at our back, pushing us to make our ecosystem more diverse, equitable, and inclusive. I think it is a very exciting, unique time, and we need to take advantage of the opportunities.

Q: What advice do you have for young women physician-scientists of color working to establish their careers in the field?

A: I would say, “Put your head down and do your work. Don't worry about what's going on around you.” That's what my mother used to tell me. I would also say, “Don't expect to be a wonder woman.” My mother’s generation did everything. They were involved with the church, the Girl Scouts, cooked dinner, worked full-time, and died at an early age. I would recommend that you get help with meals, childcare—what- ever you need. Take advantage of your support network. And finally I'd say, “Remember that life is long.” You don't have to do everything right away. There are some things that can be deferred to a later time.

Another bit of advice is to take advantage of ties through the AGS. They have a formal mentoring system in place. Through the program I have met several early career women with whom I still have a relationship. But even without a formal mentoring program, established people often are flattered for others to make outreach to them. That is what I did early in my career, yielding some wonderful collaborative research opportunities. I think it is also important that people recognize that there is no single mentor who has all the answers. So, you need a mentoring network. If you're a researcher, there may be mentors for you locally who can help direct your research. But there should be other research mentors that you can turn to, who will help with other viewpoints. And other professional mentors at your institution and elsewhere can help with career perspectives. It is then up to you to put it all together and see what really works for you.

Q: Anything else we didn’t cover?

A: I would like to say that my role, Chief Officer for Scientific Workforce Diversity, is representative of NIH’s dedication to assuring that we take advantage of the full talent in our country to maintain our creativity and innovation in biomedicine. The UNITE initiative has been launched to accelerate achieving true diversity, equity, and inclusion. I am impressed with the fervor and dedication of Francis Collins, NIH Director to the UNITE mission. And every single Institute and Center director is fully on board. This is a unique time and a great opportunity. I would be happy to chat with any AGS members who would like to know more. ✦

In July, the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) applied to be a participant in an ACGME Equity Matters learn- ing community that is being offered by the Council of Medical Specialty Societies and the Organization of Program Director Associations (CMSS/ OPDA) in collaboration with the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). The application (which was approved) was a good opportunity to review our prog- ress on our initiative that is focused on the intersection of structural racism and ageism and on infusing attention to equity into the fabric of AGS (see summary below). We are committed to achieving our vision for a future where we all are supported by and able to contribute to communities where ageism, ableism, classism, homopho- bia, racism, sexism, xenophobia, and other forms of bias and discrimination no longer impact healthcare access, quality, and outcomes for older adults and their caregivers.

As background for our focus on intersectionality, this term was first coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw and describes the complex, cumulative way in which the effect of multiple forms of discrimination combine, overlap, or intersect especially in the experiences of marginalized individuals or groups. For the AGS, with its long commitment to addressing ageism in healthcare, addressing how other “-isms” intersect with ageism was a natural way to focus our collective commitment to achieving our vision. We have been intentional about including immedi- ate action steps in our plan even as we engage in a more deliberative process of:

• understanding intersectionality within the context of healthcare and our own work to address ageism in health care;
• identifying a set of broad priorities that will allow us to be responsive to opportunities to achieve change in our internal and external environ- ments; and
• engaging our AGS members and other stakeholders in developing strategies that support achieving our future vision.

We recognize that each of us may be at different points in our own jour- ney to becoming better allies. Our hope is that AGS members will engage with our efforts and their local communities as we work together to achieve mean- ingful change. We believe we have a collective responsibility to:

• Recognize that addressing discrimination and bias in healthcare is a responsibility that we all share.
• Understand our own implicit and explicit bias by assessing ourselves.
• Learn frameworks for racial equity and use that knowledge in our own lives.
• Acknowledge that we are each on a learning journey and approach this work with cultural humility.
• Determine how we each will take action personally and professionally. Our plans should start with where we are in our own journeys.

Summary  of  AGS  Work  at the Intersection of Structural Racism and Ageism
New Groups established to advance the Intersection of Structural Racism and Ageism (ISR&A)

• ISR&A Steering Group with representatives from the AGS Board and past AGS Board members and long-time leaders that will advise the Board on this project;
• AGS ISR&A Goals & Strategies Committee that is developing priorities and actionable strategies to accomplish those priorities in service of the AGS vision of a healthcare system free of discrimination;
• AGS ISR&A Framework Writing Group that is developing a frame- work for understanding the intersection of structural racism and ageism; and
• Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS) Diversity in Research Series: We have identified three co- editors for a planned paper series that is focused on understanding the current baseline for inclusion in research (with a focus on race, ethnicity, and age).

AGS Research and Annual Scientific Meeting Program Committees, and JAGS Editorial Board

• Designing a ten-year approach for working towards our goal that by 2031, original research presented at our meeting or published in our journal reflects attention to diversity in study populations.

AGS Quality and Performance Measurement (QPMC) and Clinical Practice and Models of Care (CPMC) Committees

• AGS is often asked to review and comment on proposed quality measures and clinical practice guidelines/recommendations. Our QPMC developed a tool for assess- ing proposed quality measures through a health equity lens and our CPMC is developing a similar tool for reviewing clinical guidelines and recommendations.

AGS Products and Programs (Authors, Editors, Planning Committee Members)

As AGS products are due for updating, AGS is incorporating attention to bias and discrimination into the next edi- tions. Work to date includes:

• Integration of attention to equity into our newly updated AGS Minimum Geriatrics Competencies for Medical Students;
• Attention to diversity and equity in our call for symposium proposals for the 2022 AGS Annual Scientific meeting and into the abstract submission site which is currently in development;
• A full update of the AGS Geriatrics Cultural Navigator by our Ethnogeriatrics Committee and creation of corresponding public education materials;
• Review of our Geriatrics Review Syllabus questions and Geriatrics at Your Fingertips to be sure that these products account for patient complexity, health disparities, and patient demographics that are needed for clinical decision-making; and
• Attention to diversity in research in our review of the literature for our update of the AGS Beers Criteria® for Potentially Inappropriate Medications (due out in 2022).

AGS policy comments (multiple AGS committees and work groups) In its policy work, AGS comments on a broad range of national policies with a focus on regulatory and legislative proposals that impact older adults and private sector standards (e.g., board certification in medicine). Recent com- ments that reflect our commitment to equity in healthcare include:

• American Board of Medical Special- ties (ABMS) Draft Standards on Continuing Certification (July 2021)
• AGS/ADGAP Feedback on the Coalition for Physician Accountability’s

Preliminary   Recommendations on the Undergraduate Medical Education to Graduate Medical Education Transition (May 2021)

• Member Advocacy Opportunity on behalf of Direct Care Workforce (May 2021)
• Comment on HCBS Discussion Draft (April 2021)
• AGS Response to NIH request for feedback to Advance and Strengthen Racial Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in the Biomedical Research Workforce and Advance Health Disparities and Health Equity Research (April 2021)
• AGS Priorities for New Admini- stration: Letter to President Biden and Congressional Leaders (February 2021) ✦
   

The American Geriatrics Society has published an updated version of the AGS Minimum Geriatrics Competencies for Graduating Medi- cal Students, which were created to ensure that medical school graduates across the U.S. are prepared to pro- vide high-quality care for us all as we age. A refresh of the original set first published more than a decade ago, the 27 competencies integrate new concepts that have emerged more recently in the field of geriatrics, including frailty and person-centered care, and are framed around five key areas of focus for all geriatrics health- care professionals.

“The updated competencies reflect an evolution in how we frame the work of geriatrics health profes- sionals, a greater understanding of frailty, and a greater focus nationally on ensuring that care is person-cen- tered and driven by individual goals,” explained AGS President Peter Hollmann, MD, AGSF. “With these competencies, the field of geriat- rics has defined not just what all physicians should know as they embark on their careers but also how they should put that knowledge into practice.”

The updated AGS Minimum Geriatrics Competencies for Gradu- ating Medical Students are organized around the Geriatrics 5Ms, a frame- work developed in 2017 by Frank Molnar, MD, Allen Huang, MD, AGSF, and Mary Tinetti, MD, AGSF, around five key areas: Mind, Mobility, Medications, Multicomplexity, and what Matters most. Clinical educa- tors in medical schools are rapidly adopting the 5Ms as a framework for teaching medical students the skills, knowledge, and abilities they should have to provide high-quality clinical care for older adults. In the updated competencies set, each of the Ms contains new or modified competencies. Of particular note, multicomplexity, which describes the person who benefits most from geriatrics care, includes guidance on integrating a health equity lens into the practice of medicine.

“When we added a 27th compe- tency, we believed it was critically important to highlight how important it is that physicians not only under- stand the impact that ageism and other forms of discrimination can have on the health of older adults but also take steps to overcome their own bias in addressing issues of health equity,” AGS CEO Nancy E. Lundebjerg, MPA, said.

A workgroup of AGS leaders co- chaired by Rosanne Leipzig, MD, PhD, Andrea W. Schwartz, MD, and Mandi Sehgal, MD, updated the 26 original competencies using a modified Delphi method to reach a group consensus based on expert and stakeholder input and a literature review. Having presented their work at the 2021 AGS Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting, the team is currently working on a paper describing their methodology and key qualitative findings from their research. The updated competencies are now available on the AGS’ website for the Association of Directors of Geriatrics Academic Programs (ADGAP). Moving forward, the AGS will con- tinue to advocate that undergraduate medical education prepares gradu- ating physicians to care for us all as we age. AGS is also developing edu- cational tools to help educators to integrate attention to the new com- petencies into their programs. ✦
 

“Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere,” Martin Luther King Jr. said in 1963, his words a guiding star for advocates for social justice and improvement at all levels of the U.S. government. As a national organization, the American Geriatrics Society is #AGSproud of the influ- ence our members and staff have had and continue to have on the development and implementation of aging policy in Washington, DC. We are equally proud of the advocacy work our members are doing on the state level, where the decisions made have just as large, if not larger, effects on our day-to-day lives and the care we all receive as we age. AGS News spoke to a few advocates about their entries into state government, their recent efforts to improve the quality of and access to care for older residents via state health policy, and their advice for other AGS members looking to get involved:

Patrick Coll, MD, AGSF, Connecticut
Past AGS Board Member Dr. Patrick Coll made his first foray into the state policy arena at the beginning of the COVID-19 pan- demic, when his work as Medical Director for Senior Health at UConn Health made it appar- ent that skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) in his state were not getting the testing supplies they so desperately needed for infection control. At the request of a state official, Dr. Coll joined Connecticut’s Nursing Home and Assisted Living Oversight Working Group (NHALOWG) as its medical representative in October 2020.

“I went into it knowing that these were going to be recommendations and a legislative process… and not everything would be adopted, but hopefully, some rec- ommendations would be implemented,” said Dr. Coll, who sat on NHALOWG’s infectious disease protocol sub- committee alongside nursing home industry and union representatives. Along the way, he solicited input from colleagues in long-term care and was pleased to see some of their contributions adopted in legislation that passed in May 2021.

“Many citizens, myself included, feel their voice is not meaningful and not going to be heard--and it’s not true,” he said, reflecting on the experience and his previous involvement in the AGS’ national advocacy. “I think that’s something I learned through the AGS: you can make your voice heard... Legislators are interested in hearing from their constituents.” Newly minted advocates can start small, by sending personalized emails or letters to their representatives.

Steven Counsell, MD, AGSF, Indiana 
Former AGS President Dr. Steve Counsell has been involved in state-level advocacy efforts since he first moved to Indiana over two decades ago. His plan upon arrival: first, create a model of care for older adults dually eli- gible for Medicare and Medicaid at a safety-net hospital that would improve their quality of life and access to geriatrics-informed care while reducing potential hospital readmissions and long- term nursing home placement; then, work toward the model’s replication across the state by making his voice heard in Indianapolis.

The professor of medicine at Indiana University is now involved in a state-wide initiative to redesign long-term ser- vices and supports and make home and community-based services (HCBS) more readily accessible for older adults who want to age in place. As medical director for Indiana’s Division of Aging, he is working to facilitate the sharing of Medicare Advantage Dual Eligible Special Needs Plans’ hospital and SNF admissions and discharge data with Area Agencies on Aging (AAA) that can help coordinate care for patients in the Medicaid HCBS waiver program.

Dr. Counsell credits the AGS’ Health Care for Low- Income Seniors Special Interest Group, which he launched more than 15 years ago, for supporting his efforts to reform services for dually-eligible older adults, and he encourages other AGS members to get in touch with their local AAAs and State Units on Aging to offer their expertise. “There’s a huge need and opportunity for geriatrics healthcare profes- sionals to get involved in state policy and programming,” he said.
 

Kathleen Unroe, MD, MHA, AGSF, Indiana
Since participating in the Health and Aging Policy Fellowship program in 2009-2010, former AGS Public Policy Committee chair Dr. Kathleen Unroe knew policy would be an impor- tant part of her career as a clinician-researcher passion- ate about improving nursing home care. As project director of OPTIMISTIC, the CMS demonstration project designed to reduce avoidable hospitalizations of long-stay SNF residents, she would help create a diverse stakeholder advisory board, and, as a technical expert, she would sit on a state panel developing a value-based purchasing formula for Indiana’s nursing homes.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Dr. Unroe’s healthcare start-up, Probari, has put its geriatrics and long-term care expertise to good use supporting the Indiana Department of Health’s COVID mitigation efforts in SNFs and assisted living facilities. The company has provided assistance with everything from the coordination of all staff testing across the state to communication around the vaccine roll-out to training 1,800 National Guard members who served in Indiana SNFs during the public health emergency.

A clinician, researcher and educator at the Indiana University School of Medicine, Dr. Unroe has never been more grateful for the national network the AGS helped her build than she is now. “This year I called on many of [my colleagues]—sometimes at night or on the weekends—as I was doing my best to provide input and guidance on policy changes during the rapidly changing environment of the pandemic,” she said.

Peter Reed, PhD, Nevada
Engaged in policy and advocacy work since his first job as senior director of programs at the Alzheimer’s Association, join- ing Nevada’s state task force on Alzheimer’s Disease was a no-brainer for GWEP project director Dr. Peter Reed when he moved to the state in 2013. As a member with advanced training in public health, Dr. Reed has had the opportunity to advise the governor and the Nevada Department of Health and Human Services on developing and monitor- ing the implementation of a biennial state plan to address Alzheimer’s.

Are you an advocate for the improved care of older adults in your state?

Share your stories with us at info.amger@americangeriatrics.org! You can also visit the AGS Advocacy Center.

When the COVID-19 pandemic struck in 2020, the Director of the Sanford Center for Aging and professor of public health at the University of Nevada-Reno School of Medicine knew it would have a disproportionate impact on older adults and set out immediately to launch a state-wide campaign called Nevada CAN (COVID-19 Aging Network Rapid Response) with assistance from the state’s Aging and Disability Services. In its first year, the program deliv- ered 500,000 meals, coordinated 15,000 telehealth patient visits, and provided more than 300 hours of virtual social support, and Dr. Reed was invited to present on this work before the U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging.

To AGS members who are considering entering the policy and advocacy realm for the first time, Dr. Reed said, “There’s no magic to it...People tend to think about policy work as this special, vague activity, but it’s really not... Identify the right venues,” like a task force on an issue you’re passionate about, "then meet people and let them know you care.” ✦

 On July 13th, the  Centers for Medicare  and  Medicaid Services (CMS) released the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule (MPFS) Proposed Rule, which outlines proposals for updates to Medicare reimbursement and payment policies
for the next Calendar Year.

Reviewing and responding to the MPFS is a significant undertaking, and one of our top policy priorities at the AGS—for good reason! Our comments over the past few years have been instrumental in ensuring the needs and expertise of geriat- rics health professionals inform CMS plans and guide how those plans take shape in care for us all as we age.
As this newsletter went to press, AGS experts, staff, and consultants were still reviewing the 1,700+-page proposed rule for 2022 and developing our feedback. In the meantime, below are a few highlights of the CMS rule that might be of interest to you.

• Lowers the conversion factor (CF) to $33.58 for Calendar Year (CY) 2022 from $34.89. This is due in part to the expiration of the 3.75% increase to the CF provided for in CY 2021 by the Consolidated Appropriations Act. The AGS continues to advocate that Congress extend the 3.75% increase and reduce the proposed cuts for 2022.
• Proposes to refine its longstanding policies for split (or shared) E/M visits to better reflect the current practice of medicine, the evolving role of non-physician practitioners (NPPs) as members of the medical team, and to clarify conditions of payment that must be met to bill Medicare for these services in an expanded list of acceptable sites of care.
• Proposes to retain telehealth servic- es added to the Medicare telehealth list as Category 3 services, which means they were allowed during the Public Health Emergency (PHE), until the end of CY 2023 in order to permit development of more evidence that could support per- manent addition to the list.
• Proposes to make permanent the extended virtual check-in code (G2252) to support access to care for beneficiaries who may be reluc- tant to return to in-person visits. CMS has noted that it does not plan to continue to pay for audio-only E/M after the conclusion of the PHE.
• Removes geographic location requirements and allows patients in their homes access to telehealth services for diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of mental health disorders regardless of the PHE.
• Proposes to accept the American Medical Association (AMA) RUC- recommended work values for the 10 codes in the Chronic Care Management (CCM) family of codes, which reflects increases for the already established codes in this set code and an add-on code. The sets vary by the degree of com- plexity of care (that is, CCM, CCCM, or PCM), who furnishes the care (that is, clinical staff or the physician or NPP), and the time allocated for the services.
• CMS proposes to amend its reg- ulations governing payment for services of a Physician Assistant (PA) to reflect a recent change in law, which removed a require- ment to make payment only to the employer of a PA, effective January 1, 2022.

There are a multitude of additional proposed changes we are reviewing in detail, including updates to the Merit- based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) and Advanced Alternative Payment Models (APMs), both part of the Quality Payment Program (QPP) under Medicare.

Final  comments  on  the  2022 MPFS Proposed Rule are due to CMS by  September 13th and will be posted on the AGS website. A Final Rule wherein CMS states their final policies will be issued in early November and take effect on January 1. ✦

Members of AGS and the Association of Directors of Geriatrics Academic Programs (ADGAP) are familiar with MyAGSOnline, our virtual member discussion forum, as a way to exchange ideas and resources, to discuss research, and to get answers to important clinical and educational questions. This robust network has grown over several years to be a true knowledge and information exchange, and it has been vital in keeping our community connected in an increasingly virtual world.

Now, MyAGSOnline has become an even bigger member benefit with the addition of Mentor Match, a program designed to develop mentoring relationships based on your needs and availability.

Logon to access the mentor program and join using the simple, three-step enrollment process. Start expanding your network today!
 

TELL A TRAINEE!
Students and residents can join AGS and access this program for free via e-membership. Learn more here. 

For AGS members, GeriatricsCareOnline.org is a one- stop online resource for access to the AGS publications and products meeting all your needs as a clinician, researcher, educator, or residency program or fellowship director. To provide high-quality, trustworthy information and to ensure that all healthcare professionals have the latest research on caring for older adults, GeriatricsCareOnline. org regularly introduces new resources and updates exist- ing ones. Browse the site today to make the most of the latest resource developments:

• Aducanumab: What Clinicians Should Know provides preliminary guidance for clinicians on informing patients and surrogates about the risks and benefits of adu- canumab, an amyloid beta-directed antibody developed by Biogen and approved by the FDA in June under its accelerated approval pathway for use in treating patients with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease. “Aducanumab: What Clinicians Should Know” offers users guidelines for prescribing the new drug marketed as Aduhelm™; an outline of major differences between the FDA’s approved usage of aducanumab and the conditions under which the treatment was studied in clini- cal trials; more information about aducanumab’s FDA approval, clinical trials, and cost; and sug- gestions for further reading.
• The AGS Quick Guide to Diabetes Management in Older Adults provides a five-step framework for diabe- tes management. The guide was adapted from Finding the Sweet Spot: an Interactive Workshop on Diabetes Management in Older Adults, (Triantafylidis et al.) to help clinicians develop individualized goals for diabe- tes treatment, list safety and efficacy characteristics of antihyperglycemic agents, and implement geriatric prescribing and deprescribing principles for antihypergly- cemic agents. The guide’s framework builds off the AGS approach to multimorbidity and includes a case example.
• The Geriatrics 5Ms Quick Guide offers a framework for caring for older adults through the aging process and the end of life that aligns with the 4Ms of Age Friendly Health Systems. The guide, adapted from Holliday et al., outlines five key concepts to help improve care for older adults in any setting: what Matters, Mind, Mobility, Medications, and Multicomplexity.
• The AGS/ADGAP Burnout and Resiliency Toolkit, developed by the AGS/ADGAP Education Committee’s Faculty Development Subcommittee in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, is a compendium of articles and tools offering multiple audiences guidance on main- taining resiliency and avoiding burnout across multiple settings. The toolkit is organized by three topics: (1) iden- tifying wellness burnout level; (2) personal level; and (3) program level.
• The AGS Geriatrics Evaluation & Management Tools (AGS GEMS) include 21 concise, clinical templates which follow a History & Physical (H&P) format and are meant to provide guidance to clinicians and trainees who are caring for older adults. All tools have now received 2021 updates.
• Geriatrics at Your Fingertips® (GAYF), an AGS member favorite, is an annually updated reference that provides quick, easy access to the specific information clinicians need to make decisions about the care of older adults. This year's updates include a new section on preven- tive cardiology, new guidelines on asthma, osteoarthritis, and gout, and new material on telehealth and endo- vascular thrombectomy. The text and tables contain updated and newly recommended diagnostic tests and management strategies. Members can access their digital copy of GAYF via their library on GeriatricsCareOnline.org. ✦

I’ve known that I wanted to be a doctor since I was young. I was a sickly child, often in and out of the hospital, and I became fascinated with science and being able to heal people. When I look back on it, I think that because I’m an Indigenous person and a member of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, I was searching for the healing aspect that was a part of my culture.
We didn’t get a lot of exposure to geriatrics in med school until I did a family medicine residency. I did a geriatrics elective, and I fell in love with everything about it. I discovered that geriatricians are awesome—they’re interesting, and they have great personalities. These people are advocates who fight for the underdog.

That, plus the fact that geriatricians were so humanitarian, prompted my decision to specialize in geriatrics, despite the resident faculty member who tried dissuading me by suggest- ing that I’d “get plenty of geriatrics in primary care practice.” Also, while I was in med school, my dad’s father developed severe vascular dementia and went to live in a memory care unit. My mother’s mother had severe Alzheimer’s disease; both mom and dad cared for her at home until her death. The care they gave her was excellent, and I wanted both to model that and learn to help others deal with the challenges and rewards of that process.

In my tribal community, where I’m Chief Clinical Consultant for Geriatrics and Palliative Care for the Indian Health Service, there’s an urgent need for geriatricians. In fact, geriatricians are rare in Indian Country—I know of only one other who, like myself, is a tribal person.
 
I joined AGS in 2010, even before I became a geriatrician. I’d worked with a geriatrician in the VA, who told me about AGS after I mentioned how I wanted to learn from and talk to other geriatricians. I’m in a rural area, so it's not like I have an academic setting with a million people I can talk to. He said that AGS is something I needed to join because it’s multi-disciplinary, and it's for clinicians who also have an interest in leadership and research. I think my first AGS Annual Meeting was in 2010, and I immediately fell in love with everything about it. I value all the knowledge that I gather and appreciate the networking at AGS meetings. I see former fellows and mentors—it’s a special time to reset and learn a ton of information.

I rely on so much that AGS membership offers. Geriatrics at Your Fingertips is an amazing resource that I've used frequently. There’s JAGS to stay current with research. I use MyAGSOnline, the online member portal, and I've signed up for the virtual mentor match because I want to help mentees get the most out of their membership.

Thanks to my AGS membership, I’ve served three terms on the Ethnogeriatrics Committee—it’s been a huge benefit to network, to meet regularly, and to hear about people who have a passion for geriatrics, as well as for inclusion and addressing diversity and what can be done on a bigger scale. So many of these geriatricians serve in academic settings and other places where they’re doing amazing things. It helps me to hear about how others are working on programming and policy change. ✦
 

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